民间立场与行业生态视阈下的戏剧史构建——读傅谨先生《20世纪中国戏剧史》所感

The Construction of the History of Drama from a Folk Standpoint and its Professional Ecology: A Review of Fu Jin's A History of Chinese Theatre in the Twentieth Century

傅谨先生的《20世纪中国戏剧史》以刚刚过去的一个世纪为时间长度,将剧种发生、市场竞争、戏剧观念、政策影响、边缘戏剧等容纳进去,并涵盖20世纪两股最重要的戏剧力量——中国本土戏曲和新兴话剧的著作,无疑是具有突破性的。更重要的是他并没有依循旧有的戏剧史即文学史的写作方式,而是通过对戏剧史料的高度归纳,把戏剧的现象、剧种的发生、时代的潮流、观念的变化等一一铺展开来,将其放在一个更为宏观的社会环境下去审视,这其中有事件与事件之间的贯穿性,有区域与区域之间的相似性,也有大时代与个体撞击的冲突,更有本土与外来戏剧形式的对照和比较。傅谨先生的这本戏剧史给予我们的是一个全新的述说视角。

It had been a pity to the study of Chinese drama that there was no complete history of twentieth-century Chinese drama until now, not to mention a history that weds domestic drama with imported forms. Fu Jin＇s A History of Chinese Theatre in the Twentieth Century has filled this void. Its discussions involve the burgeoning of the dramatic genres, market competitions, the notions of drama, the influence of government policies, and marginal drama. This work deals unprecedentedly with the two most important dramatic forces in the twentieth century： Chinese domestic drama and the burgeoning modern drama. What＇s more, Fu＇s history doesn＇t follow the conventions of historic writing for drama or literature. It is based on historic materials, and discusses the phenomena of drama, the emergence of dramatic genres, historic trends, and changing notions against the background of social environment. The discussions involve connections between the historic events, analogies between different areas, the clashes between the times and individuals, and comparisons and contrasts between domestic and imported dramatic forms. The discussions are furthermore supported by newly revealed historic documents. The history of Chinese drama may be objective, but its century-long narrative is open to interpretation doe to the historical views of the narrators. Fu Jin＇s work provides a new perspective.