基于收入源的农户生计策略及其影响因素分析——以河南省为例

Analysis of Farmers' Livelihood Strategy and Its Influencing Factors Based on Income Source——A Case Study of Henan Province

利用农户家庭调查数据,分析了家庭特征和区域因素对农户生计策略选择的影响。研究结果表明:首先,农户生计呈现出非农化、多样化发展趋势。其次,农户资本禀赋影响农户生计策略选择。人力资本中,劳动力数量显著影响生计选择,而教育程度影响不显著;社会资本对农户生计并未产生显著影响;物质资本越丰富,农户选择基于当地的生计策略的概率越大,否则,采取外出务工生计策略的概率越大;金融资本越多,生计策略的选择就具有越大的主动性。再次,地形、区位和通达度等区域因素差异导致农户生计策略呈现地域性差异。距离城市近、通达度好的平原地区村庄的农户具有较多的经济活动选择,生计策略趋于多元化,而山区农户多选择农业经营型生计策略。

Adopting data from the household survey of farmers, this paper analyzes the influence of household characteristics and region- al factors on the choice of livelihoods strategies of rural households. The results show that ： 1 ） Rural households livelihood has a tend- ency towards non-agriculture strategy and diversified development. 2） The capital endowment of rural households affects the decision- making of livelihood strategies. In terms of human capital, the quantity of labor significantly affects choice of livelihood while education does not. In terms of social capital, the influence on livelihood is not significant. In terms of material capital, the more capital a house- hold has the better chance of choosing local livelihood ; otherwise, the better chance of choosing migrant working. In terms of financial capital, the more capital, the greater initiative in livelihood choice. 3 ） Differences in regional factors such as terrain, location and ac- cessibility lead to regional differences in farmers＇ livelihood. Rural households in plains that are close to cities enjoy better access to convenient transportation and more choices of economic activities, thus having diversified strategies of livelihood, whereas households in mountainous areas tend to adopt managing livelihood.