易地移民搬迁对农户贫困脆弱性的影响——来自陕南山区的证据

Impacts of Relocation and Settlement Program on Rural Households' Vulnerability to Poverty——Evidence from Mountainous Areas in South Shaanxi

通过构建农户的贫困脆弱性指数,测度了西部山区农户的贫困脆弱性,并实证检验易地移民搬迁对农户贫困脆弱性的影响。结果发现:搬迁户与非搬迁户之间以及不同搬迁特征农户之间的贫困脆弱性差异显著;参与易地移民搬迁有助于降低农户的贫困脆弱性;不同的搬迁特征对搬迁户贫困脆弱性有着不同的影响,相较于扶贫、生态和避灾原因的搬迁农户,工程类搬迁农户更易陷入贫困,采取集中安置模式更有利于降低搬迁户陷入贫困的概率,新阶段的易地移民搬迁工程有助于降低农户的贫困脆弱性。

By constructing the Index of Vulnerability to Poverty, this study measures the vulnerability of rural households in mountain- ous areas of the west and tests the influence that Relocation and Settlement Program has on it. It is found that the vulnerability to poverty is significantly different between relocation and non-relocation households and among households with different relocation characteris- tics. On one hand, the participation of relocation is conducive to the decrease of Vulnerability to Poverty. On the other hand, different relocation characteristics bring about significant difference in the influence on Vulnerability to Poverty. Specifically, engineering reloca- tion is more likely to lead to poverty than relocations out of poverty alleviation, ecological reasons and disaster aversion. Meanwhile, centralized settlement and new relocation projects play significant positive roles in reducing the probability of falling into poverty. The Relocation and Settlement Program in this new stage can help reduce rural household＇ s Vulnerability to Poverty.