西方学习机会测评50年研究述评

Fifty years of Research on the Measurement of Opportunity to Learn in the West

自20世纪60年代以来,在西方教育研究中,"学习机会"成为一个颇受关注的主题,其内涵演变至今相对清晰和充实。学习机会是一种包括保障学生学业成就发展之外部支持的资源和教学过程各要素的建构,可以通过问卷调查、教师日志、教科书分析、课堂观察等方法被测量。大量的研究表明学习机会与学生成就之间存在显著正向相关,学习机会能预测学生成就。学习机会对于诊断教学问题、改进课堂教学、推动教育决策实施、促进教育公平等具有重要的意义。在追寻教育质量和教育公平的时代背景下,我国需要开展学习机会研究,并建立本土化高质量的教育公平指标体系,促进教学改革,提高学生学业成就。

Since 1960s, opportunity to learn （OTL） has become a topic of academic research under heated discussion and its construct has become clearer and more stable thereafter. OTL is constructed by the components of teaching process and the external supporting resources for students＇ academic development and its measurement data could be collected by questionnaire, teacher logs, textbook analysis, and classroom observations. The reviewed literature indicates that there is a significantly positive effect between OTL and students＇ academic achievement and students＇ academic achievement could be predicted by OTL. Within the context of pursuing educational equity and quality in China, we need to conduct more research on OTL, develop a system of localized measurement indicators, and promote the reform of teaching and students＇ academic achievement.