地图学的未来是场景学吗?

Is the Future of Cartography the Scenario Science?

信息化与时空大数据时代的到来为地图学的表达和分析能力提出了新的需求。现有地图学的理论难以支撑上述需求,在建模要素、信息处理、表现形式等方面仍存在明显不足。本文以地理场景这一新地图学概念为基础,论述了地理场景的内涵和特点,阐述了从地图向场景转化的必要性和主要技术途径,并提出了用于应对新时代地图学发展需求的数据模型、计算模型和表达模型。数据模型方面可从基于地理信息六要素集成表达的几何代数统一数据模型进行突破;计算模型则可利用多元信息求解的数学空间,构建相应的映射、关联及算子化求解策略;最后提出了兼顾时空分布、演化过程和要素相互作用的场景自适应综合与多模式展示的表达模型发展方向。

The arrival of information age and big spatio-temporal data age brings new demands for the ability of expression and analysis of cartography. The existing theories of cartography are difficult to adapt to the research needs above, and there are still some obvious deficiencies in the aspects of modeling elements, information processing and expression forms. Based on the concept of geographic scenario which is a new cartography, we discuss the connotation and characteristics of geographic scenario and describe the necessity and main technical approaches of transformation from maps to scenes. We also propose a data model, a calculation model and an expression model for the development of cartography in the new era. The data model can be broken through from the unified geometric algebra data model based on the integrated representation of geographic six-elements. The computational model can utilize the mathematical space which solves the multiple information on constructing the solving strategies of the corresponding mappings, associations and operators. Finally, we point out the development direction of the expression model which contains the scenario adaptive combination and multi-model presentation of spatio-temporal distribution, evolution processes and factor interactions.