流域水环境多目标多部门综合管理数据库关键技术研究

Study on key techniques of multi-objective and multi-sectoral integrated management database for river basin water environment

流域尺度水环境综合管理数据库的设计和应用是水环境精准化管理的前提。以清潩河流域(许昌段)水环境多目标多部门综合管理数据库构建为例,针对水质、水量、水生态等管理目标,利用相关多部门基础数据,对流域尺度多目标多部门水环境数据建库的关键技术进行研究。关键技术主要包括多源海量异构的多部门数据整合技术(数据库规范设计、要素编码设计、图层及属性表设计、多目标数据库索引设计)、多部门矢量数据与栅格数据无缝拼接技术及一键入库技术等。研究结果表明:(1)利用数据整合技术,能够有效地实现海量异构数据集成化管理;(2)使用无缝拼接技术能够解决网内信息共享及数据冗余问题,实现多部门水环境信息联动共享;(3)设计一键入库技术可大大提高数据入库的效率和可靠性。通过构建流域水环境多目标多部门综合管理数据库,可实现流域水环境管理数据库建设的规范化和科学化,为许昌市水环境综合决策平台的搭建提供数据支撑。通过3个水环境管理综合决策应用系统实例,验证了数据库的实用性,可满足多目标管理、多部门信息共享的需求。

The design and application of integrated management database for river basin-scale water environment is the prerequisite for the research on the precise management of water environment. By taking the construction of multi-objective and multi-seetoral water environment integrated management database for Qingyihe River Basin （Xuchang Section） as the study case, the key techniques for construction of the multi-objective and multi-sectoral river basin-scale water environment integrated management database are studied according to the relevant multi-sectoral basic data for the management objectives of water quality, water amount, water ecology, etc. The key techniques mainly consist of multi-source mass heterogeneous and multi-sectoral data integration technique （ database specification design, element coding design, layer and attribute table design, multi-objective database index design）, the muhi-sectoral vector data and raster data seamless splicing technique, the one-click storage technique, etc. The study result shows that （ 1 ） the mass heterogeneous data integration management can be effectively realized with the data integration technique; （2） the network information sharing and data redundancyproblem can be solved with the seamless splicing technique for realizing the linkage and sharing of the multi-sectoral water environment information; （3） the reliability and efficiency of data storage can be largely enhanced by the design of the one-click storage technique. Through the construction of the multi-objective and multi-sectoral river basin-scale water environment integrated management database, the standardization and scientization of the construction of the river basin water environment management database can be realized for providing the data support for the construction of the comprehensive decision-making platform of water environment in Xuchang City. Based on three cases of the application of water environment management decision-making system, the practicability of the database is verified, which can meet the demands of the multi-objective management and muhi-sectoral information sharing.