呼和浩特市城区儿童血铅水平及相关因素分析

Study on blood lead level and influenncing factors among urban children in Hohhot

目的调查呼和浩特市城区儿童血铅水平及相关影响因素,为制定干预对策提供参考依据。方法分层随机抽取健康体检的0~3岁儿童2 009例,4个城区的4所幼儿园中体检的3~6岁儿童1 822例,采用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪测定其血铅值,并进行问卷调查。结果呼和浩特市儿童血铅均值为(35.74±21.85)μg/L,高铅血症率为0.23%。男童与女童发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。其中0岁组最低,4岁组最高。多因素分析显示,玩具清洗频率高、进食前洗手频率高、服用中草药频率高是儿童高铅血症的保护因素;常吸吮手指和啃手指甲行为是儿童高铅血症的危险因素。结论呼和浩特市0~6岁儿童血铅水平较低;加强健康教育、改变生活行为习惯是防治儿童铅中毒的重要措施。需定期检测儿童血铅水平,科学干预,减少铅对儿童健康的危害。

Objective To explore and current stituation related risk factors of blood lead levels in urban children from Hohhot,in order to provide measures for intervention. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 009 children aged 0～3 taking regular physical examination,and 1 822 children aged 3～6 from 4 kindergartens in 4 urban areas of Hohhot.The blood lead level was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer,and children＆apos;s parents were asked to answer a standardized questionnaire. Results The blood lead level of 0 to 6-year-old children in Hohhot was （35.74±21.85） μg/L.The prevalence rate of high lead blood syndrome was 0.23%.No statistical difference was found between the incidence of boys and that of girls （P〉0.05）,and there was statistically significant difference in blood lead level among the children in different age groups （P〈0.001）.Multi-factor regression analysis indicated that high frequency of cleaning toys,washing hands before eating and taking Chinese herbal medicine were protective factors of children＆apos;s blood lead level,but sucking finger and chewing fingernail frequently were risk factors. Conclusion The blood lead level of children aged 0～6 in Hohhot is low.Strengthening health education and changing living habits are important Methods for prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in children at this stage.Regular examination and timely intervention are necessary to decrease damage of lead to children.