环境规制效率的区域差异及其影响因素——基于中国2000-2014年省际面板数据的经验考察

Regional Difference in Environmental Regulation Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors: Based on Experiential Investigation of 2000-2014 Interprovincial Panel Data

基于2000-2014年的省际面板数据,利用Malmquist指数方法,测度了中国30个省份的环境规制效率;基于Theil指数法,测度了环境规制效率的区域差异,并对环境规制效率的影响因素进行了探究。研究发现:(1)环境规制效率空间分布呈阶梯状分布格局,由高到低依次为东部、中部和西部。(2)环境规制效率的区域差异总体上有较大波动,但近年有不断缩小的趋势;从区域内差异来看,西部地区内差异最大,东部地区内差异最小;而在区域间差异上,东部与西部之间差异最大、东部与中部之间差异最小。(3)经济发展水平、市场化水平对环境规制效率的提升有着正向的促进作用,而外商直接投资、产业结构、能源强度、人均受教育年限四个指标与环境规制效率呈负相关关系。(4)分组回归结果表明,经济发展水平、财政分权度两个指标在三个区域中均与环境规制效率呈正相关关系,而产业结构、能源强度、人均受教育年限与环境规制效率呈负相关关系。基于分析结果,提出了要实行差异化的环境规制政策等建议。

Based on 2000-2014 interprovincial panel data and by adopting Malmquist index method,this paper measures the environmental regulation efficiency in 30 Chinese provinces while measuring the regional differences in environmental regulation efficiency based on Theil index method,and explores the factors affecting environmental regulation efficiency. It is found that the spatial distribution of environmental regulation efficiency has a staircase distribution pattern with eastern,central and western regions ranking from high to low; the regional differences of environmental regulation efficiency generally fluctuate greatly with a trend of shrinking in recent years,and in terms of intra-regional differences,the difference is largest in the western region with the smallest difference in the eastern region while in terms of inter-regional differences,the difference is largest between western and eastern regions with the smallest difference between eastern and middle regions; the levels of economic development and marketization have a positive effect on improving environmental regulation efficiency while foreign direct investment,industrial structure,energy intensity and educational years per capita have a negative correlation with environmental regulation efficiency; and that the results of group regression indicate that economic development and fiscal decentralization are positively correlated to environmental regulation efficiency in these three regions while industrial structure,energy intensity,educational years per capita are negatively correlated with environmental regulation efficiency. Based on the analysis results,such suggestions as implementing differential environmental regulation policy,etc. are put forward.