美国K-12学校氛围改进:重点、标准及实施策略

US K-12 School Climate Improvement: Key Points, Standards and Implementation Strategies

为促进学生的学业与情感发展,长期以来美国政府十分重视K-12学校的氛围改进,重点强调在学校氛围塑造中教师、学生和家庭的参与,学生生理和情感安全的保障以及学校及周边环境的建设等几个方面。美国政府设定共享愿景和积极计划,制定系统、个性化和可测量的学生发展促进策略,识别、优先支持相关实践,创造欢迎、支持和安全的环境,形成富有意义和吸引力的实践、活动、规范等学校氛围改进标准。此外,政府加强对学校氛围改进的拨款,将学校氛围纳入学校质量标准,制定专门的学校氛围标准,加强学校氛围评估及对学校氛围改进予以资源与技术支持。

In order to promote students＇ academic and emotional development, the US government has long attached great importance to the improvement of the climate of K-12 schools. US education authorities and research center focus on three aspects in school climate improvement： the participation of teachers, students and families in shaping school climate, the protection of students＇ physiological and emotional safety, and the construction of schools＇ and surrounding environment. They set up five standards of school climate improvement, such as setting up a positive shared vision and plan, developing a systematic, personalized and measurable strategy for the development of students, identifying, giving priority to support related practices and creating a welcome, supportive and safe environment, and forming a meaningful and attractive practice, activity, norm, etc. They also increase the input for school climate improvements, and bring the school climate to school quality standards, strengthens the assessment and provides resources and technical support for the improvement of the school climate.