为何美国“特许学校”教育改革久盛不衰——兼论公立教育中的政府与市场

The Government and Market in American Public Education:Charter School Movement

特许学校运动是发端于20世纪90年代的一项美国教育改革运动,旨在通过市场机制来促进公立教育改革。特许学校已成为美国联邦政府推进公立教育改革的重要政策抓手。新上任的特朗普总统将包括特许学校在内的学校选择设定为其最优先的教育事项。特许学校在本质上仍然属于公立学校。其关键特征是将公共资金支持和私人管理相结合,通过以"责任"换取"自治",特许学校获得改革创新的空间,从而引发整个公立教育系统形成健康的竞争环境,并最终促成教育的公平与优秀。

Trying to promote public education through market mechanisms, the charter school movement was an American educational reform movement originated in the 1990s. The charter school has become an important policy measure for the U.S federal government to promote public education reform. President Trump has set school choice including charter school as his top educational priority. The charter school still belongs to the public school system in nature. The key feature of the charter school is the combination of public funding support and private management. The charter school gets the space for reform and innovation through exchanging the ＂responsibility＂ for ＂autonomy＂, and triggers a healthy and competitive environment for the entire public education system, which ultimately benefits the development of both equitable and excellent education.