俄罗斯基础教育改革中的社区学校模式研究

The Study on The Community School Model in Russian Basic Education Reform

俄罗斯社区学校模式立足于基础教育学校的创新,致力于学校与社区互动,是一种旨在有效解决学校教育和社区社会问题的新型学校发展模式。俄罗斯社区学校模式由学校教育民主化、学校与社区关系伙伴化、学校和社区服务志愿化三个基本模块构成。基础教育学校可以根据各自的具体情况,围绕三个基本模块进行主题活动设计,开展多样化的活动。基础教育学校与社区的融合发展是俄罗斯社会和教育现代化的迫切要求。经过近20年的探索与发展,俄罗斯社区学校模式解决了一些基础教育学校中长期存在的问题,正逐渐趋向成熟。尽管俄罗斯社区学校模式的实施面临不少难题,但它很可能成为俄罗斯基础教育学校改革的主要模式,影响俄罗斯基础教育的未来发展。

As an innovation in basic education schools, the Russian community school model aims to enhance the interaction between schools and communities, as well as dealing with educational and social issues. This model contains three modules： educational democracy, partnership between community schools and communities as well as voluntariness of community service. Depending on different situations, community schools design and implement theme activities around the three modules. The integration between basic education schools and communities is an urgent demand by the society and modernization of education nowadays in Russia. After two decades＇ exploration, some long-lasting educational issues no longer exist in the Russian community school model. Even though facing difficulties in implementing this model, it is still likely to be the main model of Russian basic education school reform, which might influence the future development of Russian basic education.