荔枝优良新品种‘翡脆’的选育

Breeding of a new high quality litchi cultivar ‘Feicui'

‘翡脆’是由实生变异选育的荔枝新品种,与‘草莓荔’属于姐妹种。果实球形,果皮青绿色,果肉白蜡色,肉质爽脆、细致、清香;平均单果质量24.3 g,最大单果质量36.0 g;焦核率91.3%,可食率78.7%。可溶性固形物含量(ω,下同)18.3%,可溶性糖含量13.50%,可滴定酸含量0.1%,还原糖含量13.41 mg·g-1,维生素C含量293.0 mg·kg-1;品质中上。果实生育期70 d,在茂名地区(110°57′E,21°51′N)6月中下旬成熟。‘翡脆’采收期长,同一株树采收期长达1个月。‘翡脆’作为接穗与‘黑叶’‘白蜡’‘白糖罂’‘妃子笑’‘怀枝’等品种具有良好的嫁接亲和性。适合广东大部分荔枝产区栽培,在成年树上高接换种后第2~3年开花结果,丰产稳产。

‘Feicui＇ is a new litchi cultivar selected from the mutant progeny of litchi germplasm. It was initially selected in 1998 for its green peel, crisp flesh and long picking time. After regional adaptability testing at four sites over four years from 2012 to 2016, it was finally selected in 2016. This new cuhivar is a tall tree, attaining a height of 10 m; the tree is vigorous with semicircular crown and upright tree gesture. Leaves are prolate ellipse, 6.95-16.5 cm long and 2.18-4.75 cm wide. Inflorescence is conical, with short rachis and small lateral cluster. Flower is white and female flower diameter is 0.31 cm long. The proportion of female-male flower is 1 ： 1.43. Fruit position is top of branches. Fruit is mainly spheroidal and has green-red peel. Its flesh is white and crisp, with fine texture and aroma. The average fruit weight is 24.3 g, with a maximum fruit weight of 36.0 g. The seed abortion rate is 91.3%. The eatable rate is 78.7%. The content of soluble solid, soluble sugar and soluble acid are 18.3%, 13.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The content of vitamin C is 293.0 mg· kg-1. And the fruit quality is excellent. The fruit development period is 70 d and it matures at the end of June in Maoming area. This litchi cuhivar has high and stable yield, as well as a long harvesting time. The graft compatibility is high between ‘Feicui＇ and ‘Heiye＇‘Baila＇ ‘Feizixiao＇ and ‘ Huaizhi＇. Suitable cuhivation area contains most of the litchi production areas in Guangdong province. This variety can bear fruits three years after high-grafting, and has high yield potential. Orchard should choose acid red loam which is flat and has the ability of retaining moisture and fertilizer. Spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 5 m × 8 m, and cultural practice includes controlling shoot growth in winter which aims at promoting flower-formation.