干部制组织还是科层制组织——一个基于身份理论的“原教旨”分析

Cadre Organization or Bureaucracy?:An Analysis Framework from the Identity Theory Approach

瑞典学者罗斯坦提出了"干部制组织"的概念作为解答"高速经济增长与政府质量不高并存的中国式悖论"的关键性解释变量,再次引发学界关于"中国政府组织在多大程度上发展成为韦伯式的科层制组织"的思考。在"不同的组织制度中会有不同的人"这一基本假设前提下,通过引入身份理论的相关理论资源,可以将该问题的讨论从组织和制度层面降维到组织中人的层面。通过基于政策文本的话语分析所构建出的中国背景下"党员干部"的身份原型与罗斯坦干部制组织中的干部很相似,但是各种官方文本所反映出的"国家公务员"的身份原型却更加接近经典意义上的"官僚",这表明现实中的中国政府组织远比罗斯坦所说的"干部制组织"这一整体性描述更为复杂多样,需要进行大量的实证研究来分析不同层次、不同类型、不同任务情境下公务人员的首要身份认同,进而分析其所在组织的核心特征,这种实证研究可以在一个包含"任务特征-组织模式与身份认同-绩效"的分析框架指导下展开,实现对中国政府组织的运作与治理模式进行解释和重构,以促进国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化。

A Sweden Scholar,Bo Rothstein put forward the conception of Cadre Organization as the key explanatory variable of the Chinese paradox of high growth and low quality of government in2015. This brings about the argument of whether and to what extent that the Chinese government has developed into the Max Weber’s bureaucracy again in the academic community. Based on the assumption that the different organizations will have different peoples,through introducing the theory of identity,this problem could be discussed in the individual level,rather than in the organizational level. The identity prototype of the Party Cadres structured by the method of discourse analysis is very similar with Bo Rothstein’s Cadre. At the same time,the identity prototype of the Civil Service mirrored in various kinds of the official documents is more closed to the classic Bureaucracy. This indicates that Chinese government organization in the practice is more complicated and diversity than Bo Rothstein’s Cadre Organization. More empirical researches are wanted to analyze the primary identities of the members of government organization in different levels and types of government,different task situation,and then explore the key characters of their organization. This kind of empirical research could be done guiding by a framework of ＂Task Features-Models of Organization and Identity-Performance＂,and then to explain and reconstruct the operation of Chinese government organization,to promote the modernization of the national governance system and capability.