不同水肥模式下设施辣椒与土壤中氮和磷分布及其环境与经济效益

The distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus in soil and greenhouse pepper and the environment and economic benefits under different fertilization model

[目的]筛选最优施肥模式,为设施辣椒种植提供技术参考。[方法]以设施辣椒为研究对象,通过田间小区试验,研究了4种不同水肥模式(处理1:常规施肥;处理2:优化减除草剂;处理3:优化减农药;处理4:精准水肥一体化)土壤中以及辣椒果实和植株中氮、磷的分布,并探讨氮肥利用率及其环境与经济效益。[结果]氮、磷含量在不同深度土壤呈逐层递减的趋势。随着施肥次数的增加,氮、磷含量在不同深度土壤中不断积累,但向下淋溶效果皆不明显;辣椒生长过程中,处理4辣椒果实中氮、磷积累量增幅较其他3组处理高,后期与收获期辣椒果实中的总氮、总磷含量也显著高于其他3组处理,处理4能够有效提高辣椒果实对养分的吸收、利用和分配。处理4辣椒产量显著高于其他3组处理,较处理1、2和3分别增加79.37%、41.25%和16.49%;处理4的氮肥偏生产力显著高于其他3组处理,较处理1、2和3分别增加135.33%、85.33%和52.84%。处理4的产投比最高可达3.23,较处理1、2和3分别增加28.17%、31.30%和16.61%,可带来最佳的经济效益;处理1和2在辣椒生长前期温室气体排放通量相对较高,常规施肥模式下有可能带来温室效应的环境风险。[结论]精准水肥一体化处理的环境与经济效益最佳。

[ Objectives] The best fertilization model was filtrated in order to provide a reference for pepper cultivation. [ Methods] The environment and economic benefits and the distribution of nitrogen （ N）, phosphorus （ P ） in soil and pepper of several treatments （ Treatment 1 ： conventional fertilization ; Treatment 2 ： optimization of reducing herbicide ; Treatment 3 ： optimization of reducing pesti- cide;Treatment 4：integration of water and fertilizer） were compared in order to filtrate a better fertilization model. [ Results ] N, P decreased layer by layer in different depth of soil, with the times of fertilization, and the accumulation of N and P in different depth of soil increased, the downward leaching of which was not obvious. In the growth of pepper, the growing rate of accumulation of N, P in pepper in the fourth treatment was higher than that in the other three treatments. The total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） contents in pepper were significantly higher than those in the other three treatments in harvest time, which promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The yield of the fourth treatment was 79.37% ,41.25%, 16.49% significantly higher than that of the other three treatments, respectively. The partial factor productivity of applied N （ PFPN ） of the fourth treatment was 135.33% ,85.33% ,52.84% significantly higher than that of the other three treatments,respectively. The input-output ratio（VCR） of the fourth treatment was 3.23 produced the best economic benefit,which was 28.17% ,31.30%, 16.61% significantly higher than that of the other three treatments, respectively. The emission flux CO2 , N20 of first treatment and the second treatment were higher than those of the other treatments. There were environmental risks about greenhouse effect under the conventional fertilization, which was to be confirmed further. [ Conclusions]The results above suggest that the fourth treatment（ integration of water and fertilizer）brings better environment and economic benefits among these treatments.