国家安全与禁教:中西文献歧异中的陈昂上疏

National Security and Prohibition of Catholicism:On Chen Ang's Memorial Based on Chinese and Western Literature

陈昂(或作"陈昴")于1717年2、3月间上疏康熙,提请防范欧洲人并在全国禁绝天主教,以防患于未然。陈昂上疏主要出于对国家安全的考虑,既受其个人阅历所积累的知识、观念的影响,也受到康熙晚年关注东南沿海边疆海防的军事政治氛围的影响,受到康熙晚年因中国礼仪之争改变了对天主教及传教士原有态度的鼓励。陈昂上疏虽然没有直接导致康熙全面禁教,但反映了中国精英在中西交流过程中对日渐强势的西方戒备之心日增,这最终影响了清廷后续的相关海防建设及禁教政策。某种程度上,陈昂上疏可视为明清之际中西交流的一个风向标。

Chen Ang,also named Chen Mao,submitted a memorial to the Kangxi Emperor in February or March 1717,suggesting to guard against the threat of the Europeans and to prohibit the Catholic missionaries national wide,for he believed they were conspiring to control the whole country in the future.What Chen Ang concerned mostly was the national security,which was drawn from his earlier life experience and later military career.Chen's action also had relations with other two aspects:one was that the Kangxi Emperor's emphasis on the southeast coast defense,the other was that the Kangxi Emperor's changed attitude to Catholicism and the missionaries,which both took place in his later years.Although it didn't lead to an allaround prohibition of Catholicism immediately,it really reflected the increasing wariness spreading among the Chinese elites due to the Europeans' strength,which finally resulted in the policies of strengthening coast defense and the prohibition of Catholicism.This event could be viewed as one of the symbols of change during the Chinese and western communication.