韩非政治哲学的再思

The Reflection on Han-fei's Political Philosophy

韩非在其人人皆自利、自为的人性论基础上,强调"世异事异""事异备变"的变法主张。韩非的政治哲学是建立在道、理和德相应的形而上学基础上的。"道"为让万物之所以存在和变化的自然客观规律(准确地说,即"道"具有自然本性、经验和功用意义);而"理"则是具有功利色彩的万物各自的特殊规律,并且它是"道"的可认识性、可言说性和可操作性的外在表现;"德"(得)即万物普遍的实得道理,从而形成事物固有的本质。韩非综合吸收了商鞅的"法"、申不害的"术"和慎到的"势"的思想,创建了其法、术、势三者相统一的政治哲学思想。在这三者形成的有机共同体中,法是核心,而术、势则为两个辅翼。韩非的政治哲学思想的功过在历史与现实层面都得到了评论。

HanFei emphasized the theory of “generations and things had changed, and measures must be changed”. The viewpoint was based on human beings! nature that everyone does every thing only for himself. HanFei! s political philosophy based on the metaphysics that Tao and Order was consistent with Virtue. Tao was a natural law that every creatures should base on （it is Tao＇s nature）. Order was a special law of every specific matter. It is an external performance of Tao, which was recognizable, effable and operatable. Virtue was the meaning that all matters get Tao and Order, so that everything can get its inherited essence. Based on ShangYang! s theory of “law”,Shen Buhai! s theory of “strategy”,and ShrnDao＇s theory of power, HanFei established his theory of law, strategy and power. In his theory, “law” was the core while “strategy” and “power” were cooperators. The merits and demerits of HanFei’ s political philosophy have got many comments by scholars from perspectives of history and reality.