生态环境司法中的利益平衡机理

On the Balance Mechanism of Interests in Ecological Environment Judicature

生态环境保护立法是对生态利益的第一次权威性平衡,生态环境公益诉讼则是通过司法机制解决对生态利益与物质利益进行再平衡。赋予法官在解决具体个案时一定的自由裁量权非常有利于维护生态利益与物质利益的动态均衡。当然,赋予法官针对个案作出具体的利益平衡,决不意味着是让法官随意对其中可能涉及到的权利人或社会公众的利益作出限制或扩张,而必须遵循一定的平衡标准和平衡原则。如果法官过度偏袒生态利益,这可能会影响到经济增长,与国家经济发展战略的目标相悖,与人类追求富足生活的美好理想相悖;反之,过于强调物质利益,则环境会受到严重破坏,生态利益必然被忽略。因此,生态环境司法既不能无原则地牺牲关乎整个人类持久发展的生态利益,也不能一味地将物质利益的发展让位于生态利益,既不能因噎废食,也不能裹足不前,要坚持二者的对立统一寻求生态利益与物质利益的合理平衡状态。

The legislation of ecological environmental protection is the first authoritative balance of ecological interests,and ecological environment public interest litigation is the rebalance between ecological interests and material interests through litigation mechanism.Certain discretion given to judges in specific cases is very beneficial for the dynamic balance between ecological interests and material interests.Without doubt,empowering judges to make the concrete balance of interests in a case does not mean that judges can arbitrarily restrict or expand interests of the involved obligee or public,but to follow certain balance standards and principles.If judges overly favor ecological interests,it may affect the economic growth,disobey the goal of the national economic development strategy and the beautiful ideal of people＇s pursuit of a well-off life.On the contrary,too much emphasis on material interests will severely damage the environment and ignore ecological interests.Therefore,ecological environment judicature should neither sacrifice ecological interests related to the sustainable development of human beings without any principle,nor replace material interests with ecological interests blindly,but adhere to the unity of opposites,seeking a reasonable balance between ecological interests and material interests.