五四运动的双重意义与双重评价标准——以周瘦鹃的作品为例并兼及其他文坛现象

Double Meanings and Evaluation Standards of the May 4^(th) Movement—Taking Works of Zhou Shoujuan as Examples and Referring to Other Phenomena in the Literary Circle

五四运动有着"双肩挑"的意义:它是一个青年爱国运动,又倡导了一个新文化运动。在探讨五四运动双重意义的同时,也不得不提出对五四运动的一个双重评价的问题。以周瘦鹃的作品为例并兼及其他值得讨论的文坛现象,我们发现:就五四运动作为青年爱国运动的意义而言,周瘦鹃以其创作积极声援五四运动,弘扬爱国情怀,表现出爱国进步的自觉意识,社会对周瘦鹃及其作品的评价也是正面的;而就五四运动倡导的新文化运动的意义而言,周瘦鹃则被激进追求革新的新文学作家划为"旧派",饱受诟病。事实上,周瘦鹃的作品虽有封建残余的部分,但也有承传民族美德的部分;与专注于革新的"新派"作家相比,周瘦鹃等"旧派"作家更重视承传。可见,在大时代的转型中,革新与承传要把握分寸感。要全面认识五四运动的价值及其意义,需要经过当代人的反复推敲、甚至后代人的反思,才能逐渐得到较为清晰的认识,从而形成客观全面、恰如其分的评价,并在新的高度中得到统一。

The May 4^（th） Movement has double meanings：it is a youth patriotic movement and it advocates the New Culture Movement.When discussing the double meanings of it,the issue of its double evaluation standards has to be considered.Taking works of Zhou Shoujuan as examples and referring to other phenomena in the literary circle,it is found out that Zhou Shoujuan＇s works positively support the May 4^（th） Movement,promote patriotism,demonstrate consciousness of patriotism and progress,so the society speaks highly of Zhou Shoujuan and his works;while for the meaning for the New Culture Movement promoted by the May 4^（th） Movement,he was classified as the＂old school＂by the radical and innovative New Culture authors and severely criticized.In fact,his works have parts of feudal remains,but also inherit ethnic virtues.Compared with the＂new school＂authors who focus on innovation,the ＂old school＂authors such as Zhou Shoujuan pay more attention to inheritance.During the transformation of a great age,innovation and inheritance should be delicately handled.Values and meanings of the May 4^（th） Movement should be repeatedly considered by all contemporary and reflected by descendants in order to have a clear idea,form a comprehensive and appropriate evaluation and achieve unity at a new level.