流域水系统理论及其在我国的实践

Water system theory and its practices in China

针对变化环境的水循环与水安全问题,对水系统的基本概念、理论与意义进行了介绍,指出了以多学科视角,将自然科学和社会科学相融合以研究变化环境下的水问题是当前国际地球系统水科学发展前沿。分析了水系统研究的难点与水-社会-生态关联性研究的发展趋势,强调了水系统的耦合与解耦、水系统模型的敏感性、水系统的监测等方面研究的重要性,探讨了自然系统和人类系统间的协同演变及其集合响应机制研究于构建水系统耦合模型的必要性。以淮河、鄱阳湖、汉江为例,从不同的角度论述了水系统理论在我国水问题研究中的实践与指导意义,并认为水系统理论的进一步研究应加强内在机理及概化准确性等方面的研究,构建水系统模拟平台,增强水系统模型对气候及环境变化的适应性,加强在变化环境下流域水资源可持续利用规划与决策管理中应用推广。

Targeting the problems of water security and water cycle under changing environments,this paper introduces the basic concepts,theories,and implications of water system.From the interdisciplinary perspective,the frontier of water science development will be combining natural science and social science so as to study the water problem under changing environments.This paper analyzes the development trend of the study on nexus of hydro-social-ecology.It emphasizes the importance of studies on the coupling and decoupling of water system,the sensitivity of water system modeling,and the monitoring of water system.It also discusses the necessity of the co-evolution and ensemble response mechanism between natural system and human system to the construction of water system coupling models.Taking Huai River basin,Poyang Lake,and Han River basin as examples,this paper illustrates the practical and guiding significance of water system theory in China from different perspectives.The further study of water system theory should strengthen the internal mechanism and generalization accuracy in order to enhance the adaptability of water system models to climate and environmental changes.The communication between water management decision-makers and researchers also should be propelled.