四川省水贫困时空分布格局研究

Study on temporal-spatial pattern of water poverty in Sichuan Province

为厘清水资源约束条件下四川省各市州产业可持续发展适宜模式,通过构建四川省水贫困评价指标体系,采用均衡法赋权,应用水贫困指数(Water Poverty Index,WPI)模型计算2006-2013年全省21个市州的水贫困指数,并基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术等,对全省及各市州水贫困时空格局等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)受2008年"5·12"汶川特大地震影响,2008-2011年全省水贫困全面、均衡改善的态势受阻;灾后水利重建、水利精准扶贫等工作的推进,使得全省各市州2006-2013年WPI平均值呈波动下降趋势,水资源管理能力的提升和水环境的改善对缓解水贫困起到了关键作用。(2)21个市州处理水贫困的能力差别较大,且差距逐渐拉大;成都市和雅安市为极微水贫困区,攀枝花市、广元市、阿坝州、甘孜州和凉山州为微水贫困区,泸州市、绵阳市、乐山市、眉山市和宜宾市为中度水贫困区,自贡市、德阳市、南充市、巴中市、资阳市为强水贫困区,遂宁市、内江市、广安市、达州市为极度水贫困区。(3)四川省水贫困问题的解决,应从强化水贫困意识、提升高效用水能力,科学优化配置水资源、提高保障率,严格水资源管理、调控产业结构及生产模式,系统管控水安全风险,提升水管理能力、加大政府财政投入、积极推进水权改革,增强水利扶贫力度、助推扶贫攻坚等方面加大工作力度。

In order to clarify the water poverty status of Sichuan province,in this study we established an evaluation index system of water poverty in Sichuan Province,calculated the water poverty index of the 21 cities from 2006 to 2013 by using balanced weighting and water poverty index model,and analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of the province and each city based on the geographic information system(GIS).The results showed that from 2008 to 2011,the comprehensive and balanced water poverty improvement situation in Sichuan province was hindered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12 th,2008.As the government actively advanced water conservancy reconstruction and targeted poverty relief through water conservancy,the water poverty situation improved from 2006 to 2013.The enhancement of water management capacity and the improvement of water environment played a key role in advancing water security.Furthermore,the 21 cities varied greatly in their capacity to handle water poverty and the gap was gradually widening.Chengdu City and Ya′an City were infinitesimal water poverty areas;Panzhihua City,Guangyuan City,Aba Prefecture,Ganzi Prefecture,and Liangshan Prefecture were slight water poverty areas;Luzhou City,Mianyang City,Leshan City,Meishan City,and Yibin City were moderate water poverty areas;Zigong City,Deyang City,Nanchong City,Bazhong City,and Ziyang City were strong water poverty areas;Suining City,Neijiang City,Guang′an City,and Dazhou City were extreme water poverty areas.The government should make more efforts to enhance water poverty awareness,increase the efficiency of water use,optimize the allocation of water resources,improve the scientific guarantee rate,manage water resources strictly,adjust industrial structure and production mode,systematically control the water safety risk,improve its water management ability,increase fiscal investment,actively promote the reform of water right system,strengthen poverty relief through water conservancy,and boost poverty alleviation.