纳苏彝语连动结构研究

A Research on Serial Verb Construction of Nasu Yi

连动结构是藏缅语族语言的重要类型结构特征之一。纳苏彝语连动结构是一个以语义语法范畴为链条组成的结构,在形式类型上体现出一个句子可以存在两个以上连用关系的动词,在意义上都能与同一主语发生主谓关系,即陈述同一主语。连动短语的各动词之间有时间先后、目的、因果、方式、手段等语义关系,这种语义关系具有对称性和非对称性特点。具有语法身份的动词一般都表示趋向性的动词,在使用过程中,部分连用的前后动词会出现强弱虚化的语法现象,虚化一般发生在后一个动词上,虚化之后语法结构类型也随之变化。

Serial verb construction is one of important typological characteristics of Tibeto-Burman languages. The serial verb construction of Nasu Yi is a structure which consists of semantic grammar categories chains. Syntactically, a sentence can have two or more serial verbs; semantically, these verbs can make up of predicate for a same subject. Items of a serial verb phrase can have some semantic relationships, such as time order, purpose, cause, effect, methods, means and so on, and these semantic relationships have characteristics of symmetry or asymmetry. The grammaticalized verbs are usually those referring directions. In a serial verb construction, verbs can be stronger or weaker（grammaticalized）, and the grammaticalized one is usually the latter verb. If grammaticalization happens, accordingly, the grammar structure changed.