家户与国家关系演进的历史逻辑——政治与灾害双重嵌入的视角

Historical Evolution of the Relationship Between the Household and the State:In Perspective of Political Construction and Disaster Embeddedness

"家户"的国家要素与自然要素统一于中国的农业传统及其现代转型中,国家因应统治和治理灾害的需要而对家户的援借与建构贯穿于中国农村社会治理的基本过程。农耕时代家户与国家的联结支撑起皇权与官僚融为一体的政治统治,而家户经济的脆弱性促使国家介入农业生产过程并发展起较为完备的荒政体系。新中国成立后,家户深嵌入国家的政治构造,又被充分用以实现国家政策安排。当下,市场化与灾害风险促使家户的建构必须符合国家战略,并强化治权分类与统合治理。家户经济的长期延存促使我们必须重塑家户这一农村的本体性制度,使国家的建构着眼于家户农民的权利保障和制度建设,从根本上解决农业的现代化转型问题。

Household,as one of elements of state,is integrated with its natural elements in China's agricultural tradition and its modern transformation.In agrarian era,the connection between Household and state supported the political domination which combined the Emperor with the bureaucracy.However,the vulnerability of Household Economy prompted the state's intervention in the agricultural production process and developed a more comprehensive Famine Relief System.After liberation,the Household was deeply embedded in the political structure of the state,which was exploited to achieve the state's policy arrangements.Nowadays,the risks of marketization and natural disaster promote that the Household construction should meet the needs of national strategy by strengthening the governmental powers to carry on the classification and integration of governance.The long-term continuity of Household Economy prompts to reshape the institutional Household system,and focus the state-building on the rights of farmers and its constructions of institution,so that the modernization of agriculture transformation can be solved fundamentally.