悬铃木果毛基吸水缓释氮肥的制备及其性能研究

Synthesis and performance of high-absorbent slow release fertilizer from Platanus fruit fibers

选用对空气和人居环境具有污染的悬铃木果毛为基质,利用多巴胺化学改性实现氮肥的固载,通过接枝共聚形成纤维表面的高吸水树脂包膜,得到悬铃木果毛基吸水缓释氮肥。通过电子扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)对样品的微观形貌和官能团变化进行表征和分析,考察了不同固载方法及制备条件对产物的影响,同时描述了产物的吸水缓释行为。结果表明,多巴胺对悬铃木果毛的化学改性有效实现了悬铃木果毛表面氮肥的固载,样品的最佳制备工艺条件为:固液比1∶7 g/m L、引发剂为单体质量的1%、温度80℃、反应时间2 h。悬铃木果毛基吸水缓释氮肥在去离子水中的缓释性能测定结果表明,样品吸水2 d后氮肥的释放率低于15%,上升趋势缓慢,达到了缓释的效果。

Fruit fibers of Platanus acerifolia,an environmental waste and allergic source of susceptible population,were used as matrix to obtain a natural fiber-based high-absorbent slow release fertilizer in the study. Nitrogen fertilizer was immobilized onto the fibers with aid of chemical modification by dopamine,then the products were coated by a biodegradable environmentally friendly superabsorbent through graft copolymerization. The morphology and functional groups of samples were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（ SEM） and infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR）. We probed into the effects of different loading methods and preparation conditions on the as-obtained products as well. The results showed the optimum conditions of the reaction were as followed： solid/liquid ratio at 1 ∶ 7 g/m L,initiator dosage at 1% of monomer weight,reaction at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The release rate of nitrogen fertilizer was less than 15% in 2 d,which verified the slow release performance of the high-absor bent slow release fertilizer from Platanus fruit fibers.