弹性需求下的出租车市场均衡模型

Taxi Market Equilibrium Model under Elastic Demand

为了探究出租车市场均衡模型的性质,假设乘客根据预期出行成本的变动来选择是否乘坐出租车,构建了弹性需求下的出租车市场均衡模型,分析了出租车平均行驶速度、城市规模以及乘客等车时间价值对出租车服务水平、使用效率以及打车软件使用率的影响。算例表明:出租车平均行驶速度的提高使扬招乘客和网约乘客等待时间均减少,巡游车和网约车空驶时间均增加;随着城市规模的扩大,扬招乘客和网约乘客等待时间先增加后减少,巡游车和网约车空驶时间先减少后增加;乘客等车时间价值的提高使扬招乘客等待时间和网约车空驶时间均减少,网约乘客等待时间和巡游车空驶时间均增加;不同城市规模下,出租车平均行驶速度的提高均能提高打车软件的使用率,城市规模非常小时,乘客等车时间价值的提高使打车软件的使用率减少,当城市达到一定规模时,乘客等车时间价值的提高则会提高打车软件的使用率。

In order to explore the properties of the taxi market equilibrium model, the customers wereassumed whether to take taxi according to the changes of their travel cost expectation. On this basis, ataxi market equilibrium model under the condition of elastic demand was established. The influence ofthe average travel speed of taxi, the city scale and the waiting time value of customers on the service lev-el and usage efficiency of taxi, as well as the utilization rate of taxi-hailing application were analyzed.The numerical examples show that the increase of the average travel speed of taxis can reduce both thehailing and e-hailing customers′waiting time, and increase the vacant time of the cruising and online-booking taxis. With the expansion of urban scale, the hailing and e-hailing customers′ waiting time in-creases at first and then decreases, while the vacant time of the cruising and online-booking taxis de-crease at first and then increase. The increase of the customers′ waiting time value makes the hailingcustomers′waiting time and the vacant time of the online-booking taxis decrease gradually, and the e-hailing customers′waiting time and the vacant time of cruising taxis increase. A higher average taxi trav-el speed can produce a higher utilization rate of taxi-hailing application under any city scale. When thecity scale is very small, the increase of customers′waiting time value will make the utilization of taxihailing application decrease. When the city reaches a certain scale, the increase of the customers′ wait-ing time value will improve the utilization of taxi-hailing application.