克氏针茅典型草原区建植人工草地的探索

Exploration on Artificial Pasture in Stipa krylovii Steppe

发展优质高产的人工草地是有效解决草畜矛盾的途径之一。以羊草、披碱草、冰草、紫花苜蓿为实验材料,在呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗克氏针茅草原区开展人工草地实验。结果表明:建植当年,四种牧草都有较好的出苗率。建植第二年,羊草、披碱草和冰草的株丛数之间无显著差异,显著高于紫花苜蓿的株丛数;羊草和冰草的返青率高于30%,显著大于披碱草的返青率,紫花苜蓿的返青率最低,低于2%,显著小于披碱草的返青率;羊草、披碱草和冰草三种禾草之间的叶氮和叶绿素含量差异均不显著,紫花苜蓿叶片氮和叶绿素含量高于三种禾草;羊草、披碱草和冰草的植株高度为30~40 cm,差异不显著,紫花苜蓿的植株高度最低,为21.6 cm,显著低于其他三种禾草的植株高度;紫花苜蓿地上生物量显著低于三种禾草。受该区域冬季寒冷和生长季干旱的气候限制,需要综合评价确立该区域建植人工草地的可行性。

Development of high quality and high yield of artificial pasture is an effective way to solve the contradiction between grassland and livestock. The experiment of artificial pasture was conducted in Stipa krylovii steppe in Xin Barag Right Banner,Hulunbuir city. Four forages of Leymus chinensis,Elymus dahuricus,Agropyron cristatum and Medicago sativa were planted in the artificial pasture. The results showed that the four forages had high seedling emergence in planting year. In the second year,there was no significant difference in clump numbers between L. chinensis,A. cristatum and E. dahuricus,which was much higher than that of M. sativa.The reviving rate of L. chinensis and A. cristatum was over 30%,which is significantly higher than that of E. dahuricus. The reviving rate of M. sativa was below 2%,which is significantly lower than that of E. dahuricus. There were no significant difference in leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content among L. chinensis,E. dahuricus and A. cristatum. The leaf nitrogen and the chlorophyll content of M. sativa were higher than those of the other three grass forages. The plant height of L. chinensis,E. dahuricus and A. cristatum was 30 - 40 cm and there was no significant difference in plant height among the three grass forages. The plant height of M. which is about 21. 6 cm sativa was the lowest. The aboveground biomass of M. sativa was lower thanthat of the three grass forages. Due to the climate limitation of winter coldness and growing season drought,it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of developing the artificial pasture in this area.