以“九点问题”为例分析界定不清晰问题的解题机制

An Analysis of the Problem-solving Mechanism for Unclearly Defined Problems with the Example of the "Ninedot Problem"

"九点问题"作为经典的界定不清晰问题,常被研究者用作探究顿悟解题机制的实验材料。持特殊加工观点的研究者提出,解决九点问题时要经历一系列僵局突破、限制解除、问题重构等加工过程,这些过程是突然发生的,不受意识控制。持常规加工观点的研究者则认为,成功解决问题涉及两个因素,阐释问题和推理。理解问题目标状态的要求以及有针对性地对问题进行思考,选择适宜的方法是成功解决问题的关键。因此他们相信,"九点问题"的解决是可以被计划的。文章结合"最大化原则"和"逆向搜索"两种方法,试图从信息加工的观点来分析"九点问题"的解题机制。

As a classic unclearly defined problem, the ＂nine-dotproblem＂ is often used by researchers as an experimental materi-al to explore the epiphanic problem-solving mechanism. Re-searchers holding the viewpoint of special processing proposedthat when solving the nine-dot problem, they will experienceaseries of processing including breaking the deadlock, lift the re-striction and reconstruct the problem, which are abrupt and un-controllable. Researchers who hold the viewpoint of conventionalprocessing think that the successful solution to the problem in-volves two factors, explaining the problem and reasoning. Under-standing the requirement of the targeted status of the problem aswell as the targeted thinking of the problem and selecting the ap-propriate method is the key to a successful solution. Therefore,they believe that the solution to the ＂nine-dot problem＂ can beplanned. This paper attempts to analyze the problem-solvingmechanism of the ＂nine-dot problem＂ from the viewpoint of in-formation processing by combining ＂maximization principle＂ and＂reverse search＂.