“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线国家服务贸易竞争力分析

Analysis of International Competitiveness of Service Trade Among the Countries Along “21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”

基于"21世纪海上丝绸之路"沿线国家2000—2013年贸易数据,测算诸如国际市场占有率等4个指标来评估沿线主要国家服务贸易国际竞争力及其影响因素。整体而言,"海上丝绸之路"主要沿线国家中印度、埃及与新加坡的服务贸易竞争力较强,而中国、印度尼西亚、泰国、阿联酋等的服务贸易竞争力较弱;而分行业来看,中国在交通运输、建筑业等劳动及资源密集型服务上具有国际竞争力,印度在计算机和信息、通讯服务等技术密集型服务上竞争优势突出,新加坡在金融、保险等知识密集型服务上享有竞争优势,泰国、马来西亚在旅游等资源密集型服务上优势明显。从影响因素来看,国内消费水平、资本存量、服务业开放度、政府行政效率、信息基础设施等因素的改善均有助于提升沿线国家服务贸易国际竞争力。因此,应着力推进中国服务业供给侧结构性改革,针对经济结构、产业结构中的短板,培育和完善生产性服务和社会性服务业,为"一带一路"战略建设提供新动力。

This paper measures the international competitiveness of service trade of main countries along the"21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road"by indicators of MS,RSCA,CA and TC,and empirically investigates the influencing factors. It is found that among these countries,international competitiveness of service trade of India,Egypt and Singapore is stronger,but countries such as China,Indonesia,Thailand and the United Arab Emirates are weaker. Specifically,China is competitive in labor-intensive and resource-intensive services such as transportation and construction,while India is stronger in technology-intensive services such as computer,communications and information; Singapore is competitive in knowledge-intensive services such as finance,insurance,while Thailand and Malaysia are stronger in resource-intensive services such as tourism. Therefore,the information infrastructure,the domestic consumption level,capital accumulation,openness of service sector,and government administration efficiency are positive to international competitiveness of service trade.