马克思主义所有制术语的汉译与概念生成——以《共产党宣言》汉译为线索

The Chinese Translation and Conceptual Generating of the Marxist Term“Eigentum”: Taking the Chinese Translation of the Communist Manifesto as a Study Clue

今年是《共产党宣言》发表170周年。通过考证《共产党宣言》汉语摘译、节译和全译文中的译词衍变可见:马克思主义经典作家德语概念Eigentum,经过英语property,再经过日语词"财产",变成汉语术语"财产""所有",再到所有权术语,直到接受十月革命经验影响,对接俄语词coбствeнность译出所有制,并以此为中介最终以所有制对译德语Eigentum,生成汉语中的马克思主义所有制概念。所有制译词以政治经济学概念和关系概念,超越了此前作为法律术语以及实体术语的所有物(财产)和所有权的译法,深刻地把握了马克思主义所有制概念的精深之处。

According to the textual research of the word translation development in the Chinese selective translation, the abridged translation and the complete translation of The Communist Manifesto, it can be found that the German concept Ei - gentum by classical Marxist writer becomes the Chinese terms “caichan＂ and “suoyou＂ and then develops to the term ＂suǒyǒu quán＂ from the English translation “property” and then the Japanese phrase “puropati” （フ口パア彳） .Until the October Revolution experience and its influence were received, this concept was translated into “suoyou zhi＂ corresponding to the Russian word ＂собственностъ”, according to which as an intermediary the “suoyou zhi＂ is the corresponding translation of the German concept ＂Eigentum” and the Marxist term ＂Eigentum＂ in Chinese is generated ultimately. Being a concept of political economy and a relational concept, the translated words “suoyou zhi＂ transcends the previous translation of ＂suoyou wu＂ （literal meaning property） and ＂suoyou quan＂ as legal terms and substantive terms and grasps the profundity of the Marxist concept “Eigentum” in depth.