中国近现代文化保守主义中西文化观的理论谱系演进及其反思

Evolution and Reflection of Theoretical Pedigree of Views on Chinese and Western Culture in Modern Chinese Cultural Conservatism

中国文化保守主义的中西文化观主张返本开新,以民族文化为本位,融合西方文化,以文化复兴开启中华复兴。1840—1930年间,文化保守主义出现了极端保守派、洋务派、维新派、国粹派、东方文化派和学衡派,其依据的理论有夷夏之辨、中体西用、今古文经学、进化论、文明论、社会有机体论、文化形态论、反思现代化思潮等。文化保守主义彰显文化的民族性,但将其夸大为决定性因素,不能走出文化决定论,不能找到一条现实的救亡之路,因此不断式微。

Chinese cultural conservatism is an important social ideological trend in western culture shock.It argues to return to the culture root and create a new culture,then integrate the western culture into the national culture,and realize the rejuvenation of Chinese nation by national culture renaissance.This view on Chinese and Western culture had a significant influence.From 1840 to 1930,the cultural conservatism had formed many factions such as extreme conservatives,Westernization group,reformers,quintessence scholars,oriental culture school,Xuehengschool and so on.The theoretical pedigrees what the cultural conservatism based on include Yi-xia distinction,westernized Chinese style, modern and ancient Confucianism,theory of evolution,theory of civilization,social organism,theory of culture and ideological trend of reflecting on modernity.In this process of evolution,cultural conservatives first elaborate the relation between Chinese and Western culture based on traditional Chinese ideology,then they received theory of evolution and civilization in the West.At last,they proved the superiority of Chinese culture with the reflection on modernization trends.The cultural conservatism had a profound understanding of the nationality of culture,but exaggerated it as a decisive factor.The practical road to revival is unlikely to be found by this cultural determinism.