九一八事变后中国科学界关于“纯粹科学”与“应用科学”的争论

Controversy among Chinese Scientists over Pure Science and Applied Science after the Mukden Incident

20世纪20年代前后,中国科学界开始介绍、引入"纯粹科学"与"应用科学"的概念。九一八事变后,"科学救国"的呼声高涨。中国科学化运动主张将应用科学作为救国捷径,引发了科学界的争论。中国科学界围绕"纯粹科学"与"应用科学"孰先孰后展开了激烈争论。1936年国民党中央研究院评议会通过决议,要求科学研究应特别注重国家和社会需要,但并未在科学界形成统一意见。关于纯粹科学与应用科学的争论,是民族危机下,科学界对"科学救国"社会压力的不同因应。

Concepts of pure science and applied science were introduced into the Chinese scientific community in 1920 s.After the Mukden Incident in 1931,the clamour of saving the nation by science grew louder.The proposition of applying applied science to save the nation by Movement of Popularizing Science in China had triggered hot debate.Chinese scientific community had vigorous arguments on the sequence of developing pure science and applied science in China.In 1936,the National Research Council of Academia Sinica passed a resolution that the scientific research should focus on the national and social needs,but scientists failed to reach a consensus on this issue.The debate on pure science and applied science is the response of different groups in the science community to the social pressure of saving China by science under the national crisis.