日本农业航空技术发展及对我国的启示

The development of Japan agricultural aviation technology and its enlightenment for China

日本根据其地形、地貌特征、从事农业劳动的情况选择了从有人直升机到无人直升机航空施药为主的发展模式,研制了几款不同发展时期的植保无人机机型(R50、RMAX、RMAXⅡG、FAZER)应用于水稻植保作业,日本学者对农业航空遥感技术、精准导航控制技术、无人机控制技术进行了大量研究,在施药实践中形成了较为实用的无人机植保管理体制,确保了日本农业航空的健康、有序发展。本文旨在介绍日本农业航空现状、应用领域、精准施药技术及管理方法,以期为我国农业航空应用技术的发展提供借鉴。

According to the characteristics of topography, landforms and the situation of engagement in agricultural work in Japan, the aerial spraying method has been developed from using manned helicopter to mainly using unmanned helicopter. Several types of unmanned helicopter for agricultural plant protection, such as R50, RMAX, RAMX IIG and FAZER, have been generated at different periods for application in rice plant protection. Japanese scholars did extensive research on aerial remote sensing technology, precision navigation technology and unmanned helicopter control technology. A practical management system of unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） for plant protection has been developed insuring healthy and organized development of agricultural aviation in Japan. This paper is aimed to provide introduction about the state of agricultural aviation and its application area, precise spraying technology and management methods in Japan, and offer guidance for developing agricultural aviation technology in China.