碳离子束辐照水稻诱变效应及突变体的筛选

Mutagenic effects of carbon ion beam irradiation on rice and screening for induced mutants

【目的】丰富水稻Oryza sativa L.突变体库,快速创造稳定遗传的新种质,为重离子辐照诱变机理研究和水稻遗传育种提供丰富的基础材料。【方法】利用碳离子束辐照水稻品种‘IR-55’、‘IR-60’、‘三粒寸’和‘云南陆稻’原种进行诱变,并对诱变后代的多个农艺性状进行多代跟踪调查。【结果】4个水稻品种突变株系株高、剑叶长、穗长和粒长宽比等性状呈现出较大变异幅度,且具有明显的正向或负向性,结实率表现出明显的下降趋势,最低为2%。利用随机选取的SSR分子标记引物对突变体进行遗传多样性检测发现,突变株系与原种的遗传多样性表现出明显的差异,表明重离子辐照诱变引起DNA序列较大片段的改变,而不是微小的点突变。【结论】碳离子束辐照对水稻株高、剑叶长和粒型等多个农艺性状产生正向或负向的诱变效应,在诱变后代中可以筛选出一批农艺性状变异的水稻新种质。

【 Objective】 To enrich rice （Ojza L.） mutant library,rapidly create genetically stable new germplasm, and provide valuable materials for following study of mutation mechanisms and rice genetic breeding.【 Method】 The breeder seeds of ‘IR55’, ‘IR60’, ‘Sanlicun’ and ‘Yunnan Ludao’ were irradiated by carbon ion beam, and the agronomic traits of induced generations were consecutively investigated.【 Result】 The mutants of four cultivars varied over a large range of variation in plant height, flag leaf length, spikelet length, length-width ratio of grain and other traits, and displayed obvious positive or negative mutation. Seed setting rate decreased respectively with the lowest value of 2%. Large genetic diversity variations were detected between the mutants and breeder seed populations of four cultivars using randomly selected SSR markers, Micating that heavy ion imdiation Muced big fragment variations at DNA sequences,rather than subtle site mutation. 【 Conclusion】 Carbon ion beam irradiation can cause positive or negative mutation of plant height,flag leaf length, grain shape and other agronomic traits of rice. New rice germplasms with variation in agronomic traitscan be screened out from mutation progenies.