不同种植模式对雷州半岛玄武岩母质砖红壤氮磷钾养分状况的影响

Effects of different tillage modes on the status of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Leizhou Peninsula latosol from basalt

【目的】研究不同种植模式对雷州半岛玄武岩母质砖红壤氮磷钾养分状况的影响。【方法】以我国雷州半岛的典型玄武岩母质砖红壤为研究对象,对8种不同种植模式下的土壤肥力属性进行方差分析,并运用主成分分析(PCA)方法研究各养分变量的相互关系、土壤综合肥力特征及其障碍因子。【结果】研究区不同种植模式对土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、缓效钾和速效钾含量的影响显著(P<0.001)。主成分分析表明,8种种植模式的土壤综合肥力区分显著(P<0.000 1),这种差异是由不同种植模式下的土壤田间管理方式引起的。香蕉、蔬菜和水稻地的土壤综合肥力较好,其中香蕉地肥力最高,蔬菜和水稻地肥力次之,香蕉地的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和缓效钾分别是木薯地的2.55、2.44、3.50、2.30、15.36和7.73倍,但土壤pH较低是香蕉地土壤肥力进一步提高的障碍因子,其土壤pH较木薯地降低了0.89。有机质含量较低则是蔬菜地肥力的限制因子,速效磷含量较低则是水稻地肥力的限制因子;水稻与甘薯、花生与水稻、花生与大豆轮作地的土壤综合肥力中等;而木薯和甘薯地的土壤综合肥力相对较差,有机质和氮素养分缺乏是其综合肥力最低的主要原因。【结论】该区域增施有机肥、有机–无机肥料的合理配施以及对土壤酸度的适当调节是进一步提高耕地土壤综合肥力的关键。

【 Objective】 To investigate the effects of different tillage modes on soil fertility properties of Leizhou Peninsula latosol from basalt.【 Method】 Taking the latosol from basalt in Leizhou Peninsula of China as test object, the variability of soil fertility properties were studied under eight tillage modes. The relationshipsamong numerous fertility variables, integrated soil fertility, and key limiting factors were evaluated by principal component analysis （PCA）.【 Result】 The effects of tillage modes on soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen （N）, available N, phosphorus （P）, potassiumin （K）, and slowly available K contents were significant （P〈0.001）. The results of PCA indicated that the differences in integrated soil fertility under eight tillage modes were significant （P〈0.000 1）, which was closely related to the field management. The integrated fertility of banana, vegetable, and paddy-paddy rotation fields were higher, in which that of banana field was the highest, followed by that of vegetable and paddy-paddy rotation fields. The soil organic matter, total N, available N, P, K, and slowly available K of banana field were 2.55, 2.44, 3.50, 2.30, 15.36 and 7.73 times respectively higher than those of cassava field. The limiting factor of fertility enhancement of banana field was the low soil pH, which was 0.89 lower than cassava field. The low organic matter and available P contents were limiting factors of fertility enhancement of banana, and paddy-paddy rotation fields, respectively. The paddy-sweet potato rotation, peanut- paddy rotation, and peanut-soybean rotation fields showed medium integrated fertility, while that of cassava and sweet potato fields were relatively low. The deficiencies of organic matter and N were the main limiting factors of their low integrated soil fertility.【 Conclusion】 Increasing application of organic fertilizer, reasonable combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and regulation of soil pH are key factors to further improve the