英语作格结构与中动结构的认知动因研究——基于认知语法小句分析的阐释模型构建

Research on Cognitive Motives for English Ergative Structures and Middle Constructions——Explanatory Models Based on Clause Analysis in Cognitive Grammar

作格结构和中动结构作为英语中的非普遍结构,二者既有相同之处,又存在句法、语义等方面的差异。首先对二者的异同进行厘清,接着探讨认知语法对两种结构进行解释的可能途径。我们发现这两种结构的理解构成,均符合认知语法小句分析中的主题导向编码策略,但是,由于Langacker对英语作格结构的不同理解,以及在论著中对这两个结构并未过多深入讨论,使得现有解释并不理想。为弥补这一不足,对主题导向分析加以修正,结合认知语法的扫描识解与副词语义分析,构建出针对英语作格结构及中动结构的较为完备、合理的阐释模型。

Ergative structures and middle constructions are not frequently-seen in English.There is something common between the two,and however more divergences are shared in terms of syntax and semantics.This article first contrasts the two structures,elucidating the differences,and then makes a tentative effort to shed light on the cognitive factors behind the two structures.We are convinced that the Cognitive Grammar's method of theme orientation can be an approach to the solution.But due to Mr.Langacker's different understanding of English ergative structures and lack of further discussions on the two structures,his explanations are far from satisfactory.We improve the analysis of theme orientation by integrating into it cognitive scanning and elaboration of semantic structure of an adverb,developing sound and valid models that can illuminate ergative structures and middle constructions.