索绪尔的语言系统观

Saussure's View of Language System

索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》是结构主义语言学的奠基之作。在这本书中,索绪尔区分了语言和言语,明确了语言共时研究和历时研究的区别,提出语言系统是一个符号系统,并对语言符号的性质进行了阐述,指出句段关系和联想关系是语言符号系统中最基本的两种关系。此外,他还颇有创见地提出了语言系统的价值问题,他的语言观实质是一种系统观。

Saussure's General Linguistics is the foundation of structuralist linguistics.In this book,Saussure distinguishes between language and speech,clarifies the difference between linguistic synchronic and diachronic studies,and puts forward that the linguistic system is a symbol system and describes the nature of linguistic symbols.Combination relationship and associative relationship are most basic relationships in the language symbol system.In addition,he also creatively puts forward the value of the language system.In essence,Saussure's view of language is a systematic view.