尊严:一种不容情境权衡的价值

Dignity: A Value That Can Not Be Weighed According to Situations

人类凭借自主性和自我目的性这样一种主体身份而享有尊严。而人与人之间相互作为主体来对待、相互尊重彼此的以自主性为核心内容的尊严,就构成了人际一切规范之约束力的根基。因此,保护个体的权利主体性,便成为国家合法使用暴力的终极根据,尊重每个人的自主意志,是法律和道德秩序以及法治国家最核心的建构性要素。而官方酷刑则直接摧毁了人的尊严中不容触碰的核心要素,故绝不可能得到道德或法律上的认可与辩护。但是,酷刑这一话题是复杂的,它既触及现代生活伦理维度中人的尊严这一核心要素,也关涉无辜的受害者的生命保护以及国家的安全保障这一整体性的方面。在国家由于法律的限制无法通过酷刑来阻止类似国毁人亡之灾难的时候,就需要动员社会力量参与到这场攸关民众生命与国家安全的伟大拯救。

Human beings enjoy dignity by virtue of their autonomy and self-purpose. Human dignity,with the autonomy that people are treated as subjects and respected mutually as the core element,is the basis of all norms of human relations. Therefore,protecting the subjectivity of individual rights has become the ultimate basis for the legitimate use of violence by the state. Respecting everyone＇s will is the core constructive factor of law or moral order. But official torture directly destroys the core elements of human dignity that must not be touched,so it is impossible to get moral or legal recognition and defense. However,the topic of torture is complex. It touches not only the core element of human dignity in the ethics dimension of modern life,but also the life protection of innocent victims and national security. Due to restrictions of the law that the state cannot use torture to prevent disasters such as the perdition of the state or the death of innocent persons,under these circumstances,social forces need to be mobilized to participate in the great rescue related to human life and national security.