中美畜禽屠宰检疫体系对比

Comparative Analysis on Inspection and Quarantine System towards Livestock and Poultry Slaughtering between China and America

畜禽屠宰检疫管理体系是否完善关系到畜禽产品质量安全。本文通过梳理中美两国屠宰管理机构设置及法律体系、屠宰企业注册方式、畜禽屠宰检验检疫内容,对比分析两者的异同点,从而提出完善我国畜禽屠宰检疫管理体系的建议。中美两国在畜禽屠宰检疫方面都形成了一套适合本国国情的法律体系和检疫规程。相比之下,美国畜禽屠宰法律体系更加完善,内容更加详实,时效性更强,涉及的检疫内容和检疫对象更加全面。我国畜禽屠宰检疫体系在规范标准方面缺乏系统性,检疫内容和对象有待补充,检疫人员数量配备和工作机制还不完善。建议不断健全和完善我国畜禽屠宰及动物卫生方面的法律法规,将牛、羊、禽等屠宰全部纳入定点管理,并细化法律法规和技术标准,且定期修订;通过政府购买服务方式,引入第三方检疫机制;进一步调整和优化检验检疫对象和内容,加强兽医队伍和实验室检测能力建设。

A sound supervision system for inspection and quarantine towards livestock and poultry slaughtering concerns the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products. In this article,a comparative analysis on the organizational structure and legal system for the administration of animal slaughtering,registration of slaughtering enterprises and contents of inspection and quarantine were made between China and America,then suggestions on how to improve the supervision system in China were put forward. Both China and America have formed a legal system as well as inspection and quarantine procedure suitable for their own national conditions in the field of inspection and quarantine towards animal slaughtering. In contrast,the laws and regulations of livestock and poultry inspection and quarantine in America are more complete in system,specific and detailing in contents,stronger in time-effectiveness,as well as more items and objects subjected to the inspection and quarantine. While in China,some insufficiencies existed in this system,such as the absence of systematic standards,incomplete items and objects subjected to inspection and quarantine,insufficient allocation of inspectors and unsound working mechanism. In conclusion,suggestions were given,which included continuously completing and perfecting related laws and regulations,putting the slaughtering of cattle,goat and poultry all in designated management and refining the laws and regulations and technical standards,updating these regulations periodically,introducing the third-party inspection and quarantine mechanism by government purchase of services,further adjusting and optimizing items and objects subject to inspection and quarantine,as well as strengthening the capacity building of veterinarian resources and laboratories.