美国马传染性贫血监测与防控分析

Analysis on Surveillance,Prevention and Control of EIA in USA

马传染性贫血(EIA)的监测与防控成效关乎全球马业的健康发展。目前美国农业部对EIA实施被动监测程序,要求在马匹参加展览或竞赛等事项、跨州调运、变更马主、进入拍卖或销售市场、配种、引群、入境前,均需携带官方认可实验室的阴性检测报告,其主要检测方法包括ELISA、AGID及免疫印迹试验。一旦发现疫情,立即启动防控措施,如对阳性马实施安乐死,屠宰或隔离检疫,限制调运并永久标识。对同群马反复检测并移除阳性马,加强生物安全措施,防止病毒进一步传播与扩散。通过分析美国EIA监测与防控措施,建议我国在消灭EIA实践中,扩大监测范围和监测数量,加强监督与提高实验室检测能力,反复检测同群马,扑杀阳性动物等。

The effectiveness of surveillance,prevention and control of Equine infectious anemia（EIA）is significant for healthy development of global equine industry. At present,the United States Department of Agriculture（USDA）has implemented a passive surveillance procedure for EIA,which requires that the EIAV-negative testing reports should be issued by officially authorized laboratories before the horses are permitted to participate in exhibitions or competitive events,be transported across the states,be changed ownership,enter into horse auction houses or sales markets,be used for mating,be introduced into new populations,as well as enter the territory of the USA. Specifically,the EIA laboratory diagnosis includes ELISA,AGID and Western blotting. Once the disease is confirmed,the prevention and control measures would be initiated,which means the positive horses would be subject to euthanasia,slaughtering or quarantine,movement restriction and permanent marking. Besides,in order to prevent EIA further spread,all remaining horses in the same group would be tested repeatedly,and the positive horses would be removed,bio-safety measures would be strengthened. Based on the analysis,some advice for eradicating EIA in China was given,including expanding the surveillance scope and quantity,strengthening supervision for laboratory testing capability,implementing repeated testing for all exposed horses in the same group,as well as culling positive horses.