内蒙古山地森林生态系统监测与评价

Monitoring and Evaluation of Mountain Forest Ecosystem in Inner Mongolia

论述了山地森林生态系统的监测方法以及资源类和生态特征类两类评价指标。针对内蒙古自治区的四大山地森林生态系统,以内蒙古自治区第七次森林资源连续清查结果为基础数据,分别进行面积、蓄积等资源指标评价以及森林覆盖率、土壤因子等生态特征指标评价。结果表明:1)在四大山地森林生态系统中,大兴安岭山地的面积和蓄积量最大,分别占总面积和总蓄积的88.84%和96.94%。2)在生态特征指标评价中,山地森林覆盖率分布不平衡,呈现东高西低的现象,其中,大兴安岭山地的森林覆盖率最高为55.57%;贺兰山山地和大兴安岭山地的森林自然度较好,燕山北部山地的自然度最差;土层厚度整体上较好,以厚度和中等厚度为主;森林郁闭度整体上较高,郁闭度0.6~0.69的森林面积比例较大;大兴安岭山地和贺兰山地主要以复层林层结构为主,阴山山地则以单层为主;在树种结构中,阔叶纯林所占比重最高,为20.33%;受灾情况整体较轻,灾害面积只占山地森林总面积的17.80%;健康度整体较好,达到健康等级的占山地森林总面积的71.70%。

This paper systematically discussed the monitoring methods of mountain forest ecosystems,as well as resource indexes and ecological feature indexes.For the four mountain forest ecosystems in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the evaluation of resource indexes contained area and accumulation,and ecological indexes such as forest cover rate and soil factors were conducted,which was based on the results of the 7 th continuous inventory data of forest resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The results showed that: 1) In the four mountainous forest ecosystems,the area and accumulation of Daxing'anling Mountain were the largest,accounting for 88.84% and 96.94% of the total area and total accumulation respectively.2) In the evaluation of ecological feature indexes,the distribution of mountain forestcover rate was unbalanced,showing the phenomenon of east high to west low,in which,the forest cover rate of Daxing'anling Mountain was 55.57%.The natural degree of forest was higher in Helan Mountain and Daxing'anling Mountain than in the north of Yanshan Mountain.The thickness of the soil layer was well on the whole,which was mainly thickness and medium thickness.The degree of forest canopy was well overall and the forest area of 0.6 ~ 0.69 proportion was larger.The forest structure of complex layer were mainly distributed in Daxingan'ling Mountain and Helan Mountain,while the forest structure of single layer was mainly distributed in Yinshan Mountain.For the tree species structure,the proportion of broadleaf spring forest was the highest,which was 20.33%.Affected degree was lighter overall and the disaster area accounted for only 17.80% of the total area of mountain forests.Forest health was generally good and the forest area of health level accounted for 71.70% of the total area of mountain forests.