物权法、合同法与竞争法:新制度经济学的解释

Property Law, Contract Law and Competition Law:Interpretation of New Institutional Economics

本文从新制度经济学的视角来阐述产权、合同与竞争在市场经济中的作用,并在此基础上分析相应的法律制度,即物权法、合同法和竞争法,在市场经济中的地位。论文指出:产权是市场活动的基础,不仅是交易的起点,也决定了竞争的范围和方式,相应的法律物权法是市场经济的基础性法律。以合同为特征的合作性交易则是市场经济的主要目的,合同法为市场经济的核心性法律。而竞争法约束了竞争行为,不仅保障了产权,也通过保障竞争之有效性来促进有效交易的达成,是市场经济的保障性法律。

This article analyzes the respective functions of property right, contract and competition in the market economy from the new institutional economics and also discusses the status of laws concerning property right, contract and competition in the market economy. Property right is the basis for market activities since it sets the starting point for the exchange and decides the extent and ways of competition. Thus, the property law is the fundamental law for the market economy. The cooperative exchange with the nature of contracting is the main aim of market activities and correspondingly, the contract law is the central law for the market economy. As to the competition law, it restrains the competition to guard the property right and facilitate the achieving of effcient exchange and should be the law with the safeguard function for the market economy.