数据垄断相关问题的反垄断法分析思路

Thoughts on Antitrust Analysis for Data Monopoly Problems

大数据时代到来,数据垄断值得研究。数据作为商品频繁交易后,可能需要界定数据的相关市场。虽然数据具有非对抗性,但不排除拥有大数据及技术的平台企业拥有市场支配地位,无法排除其实施如搭售、歧视供应、拒绝交易、独家交易等滥用行为的可能。在大数据技术、算法以及人工智能普遍应用的情况下,数字化卡特尔(Digital Cartels)也成为可能,由于其高度隐秘性,对于执法而言是一个挑战。分析数据的垄断问题需考虑数据的特殊性,同时应在大数据产业发展的现状下进行,既看到其反竞争的一面,也看到其提高效率的一面。

Big data age is coming, and problems of data monopoly are worthy of being researched. Once data is traded frequently as a kind of good, it may be necessary to defne relevant market for data. Although data is non-rivalrous, some platforms enjoy market power resourcing from data, and thus platform may abuse their dominant market position, like conduct tying, discriminating treatment, refusing to deal or exclusive dealing behaviors. As big data, algorithms and Artificial Intelligence are widely applied by companies, digital cartels are easy to be enforced by platforms, and it’s a big challenge for competition agencies to find out them because they are more difficult to be found and proved than traditional cartels. It’s necessary to consider data’s special features when analyze data monopoly problems, and to consider big data market development conditions. It’s also necessary to consider certain abusive behaviors’ anti-competitive effects and effcient effects.