巴基斯坦萨戈达地区危害桔园的桃实蝇时空分布（英文）

Spatio-temporal distribution of the peach fruit fly,Bactrocera zonata ( Diptera: Tephritidae)infesting citrus orchards at Sargodha,Pakistan

【目的】本研究旨在监测2009-2011年Tehsil Sargodha 7个地点(Sargodha-Ⅰ,Sargodha-Ⅱ,Bhagtanwala,Sakessar,Chak#75-SB,Chak#46-SB和Chak#104-NB)中桃实蝇Bactrocera zonata优势种的种群变化情况。【方法】通过甲基丁香酚信息素诱捕器诱捕桃实蝇,每周统计记录桃实蝇种群发生情况,诱捕器每两周加药一次。【结果】结果表明,在调查的3年(2009-2011)中,Sargodha-Ⅰ的桃实蝇种群多度最高(分别为53.67,45.82和45.47头/诱捕器),其次为Sakessar(分别为41.13,33.87和35.75头/诱捕器),而Chak#75-SB的种群多度最低(分别为15.78,19.18和19.15头/诱捕器)。每年桃实蝇发生最高峰出现在4月(分别为76.08,71.94和61.51头/诱捕器),其次为5月(分别为60.74,52.63和64.00头/诱捕器),而在2月和10月发生量最低。另外,桃实蝇种群多度与最高和最低气温呈较强的正相关,而与相对湿度和降雨量呈负相关。同样,回归系数表明,最高气温是影响桃实蝇种群发生的主要因素,而降雨量的影响最小。【结论】应当全年对桃实蝇进行定期监测,由于气象因子严重影响桃实蝇的种群发生情况,因此尤其应监测其在4-5月温度开始上升时的发生情况。

[ Aim ] This study was conducted to monitor the population changes of most dominant species of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata distributed at seven localities （ Sargodha- I , Sargodha- 1I , Bhagtanwala, Sakessar, Chak# 75-SB, Chak# 46-SB and Chak# 104-NB） of Tehsil Sargodha from 2009 to 2011. [ Methods ] Population occurrence of B. zonata was recorded on weekly basis using methyl eugenol pheromone traps charged at fortnight intervals. [ Results ] The results revealed that the highest population abundance of B. zonata was recorded at Sargodha- I （53.67, 45.82 and 45.47 flies/trap） followed by Sakessar （41. 13, 33.87 and 35.75 flies/trap） whereas Chak# 75-SB had the lowest population occurrence （15.78, 19.18 and 19.15 flies/ trap） during all the three years （2009 -2011 ）, respectively. The highest peaks were observed during April （76.08, 71.94 and 61.51 flies/trap, respectively） followed by May （60.74, 52.63 and 64.00 flies/trap, respectively） and the lowest during February and October each year. Moreover, there were strong positive relationships between the maximum and minimum temperature and B. zonata population abundance where negative association was observed for the relative humidity and rainfall. Similarly regression coefficient demonstrated that the maximum temperature was the major contributing factor influencing B. zonata population occurrence and rainfall contributed the lowest share. [ Conclusion ] Regular inspection of B. zonata population should be carried out throughout the year, especially when temperature started to rise in April - May as weather factors greatly influence population counts of B. zonata.