河北涉县旱作梯田的起源、类型与特点

The Origins,Classifications and Features of Dry Land Terrace Farming System of Shexian County,Hebei Province

河北涉县旱作梯田系统是农业部评定的中国重要农业文化遗产。文章通过对当地史志资料研究和田野调查发现,涉县旱作土坡梯田起源于公元前514年的战国赵简子"屯兵筑城";分布于广袤的深山区、以王金庄村为典型代表的旱作石堰梯田最晚起源于1290年,经过元末明初的开发初期、清中后期大规模发展期及建国前后直至农业学大寨期间的稳量提质期,涉县旱作梯田达到26.8万亩。作为一种独特的石灰岩山区土地利用系统和半干旱地区抗灾减灾农耕生产系统,旱作梯田是涉县先民为躲避战乱、适应当地自然环境的文化创造。深入研究这一遗产类型,将为解决因气候变化"对人类社会、自然生态系统和粮食安全构成紧迫和可能不可逆转的威胁"提供可资借鉴的经验。

The dry-land terrace farming system of Shexian County has been designated by Ministry of Agriculture as Nation- al Important Agricultural Heritage System （ China-NIAHS）. Through the studies of local historical and geographical materi- als and field observation, the history of soil-slope terrace of Shexian County can be traced back to the Warring States when Zhao Jianzi ＂stationed his troops and built the city walls＂ in 514 B.C. Distributed in the remote mountainous area and taken Wangjinzhuang Village as the typical representative, the dry-land stone-dam was originated in 1290. After the early development period between the late Yuan Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, large-scale development period of the late Qing Dynasty and stable development period between 1949 and learning Dazhai inagriculture, the dry terraces in Shexian County covered 268 000 mu areas. As an unique limestone mountain land utilization system and semiarid disaster-resistance and disaster-relief production system, the terrace farming is a cultural innovation of the ancestors of Shexian people, who came here to escape the chaos of the war and hitherto adapted to the local natural environment. A thorough investigation of this kind of cultural heritage will draw valuable lessons from how to solve the problems caused by climate change, which poses urgent and possibly irreversible threats to human society, natural ecological systems and food security.