《营造法式》材分制材、栔概念名称含义来源探讨

A Discussion of the Concepts Cai and Qi in Models for Building

北宋李诫奉敕编撰的建筑专书《营造法式》中构建了一套相当于现代建筑模数制度的"材分制",本文探讨了其中材、栔概念的含义来源。"材"的概念来自于用于制作斗栱栱、枋构件的标准枋木断面,并根据实践经验将这一断面的高、宽比例定为3∶2;而"栔"则是为完善材分制,根据斗栱结构所假设的一种枋料,其在实际中并不存在。

The Northern Song scholar Li Jie established a ＂material division system＂ （eaifen zhi） within the Models for Building that resembles the modular systems of modem architecture. This article will focus on the origins of the concepts of ca/and qi. Here the concept of ca/refers to the standardized joint section used in the construction of dougong＇s interlocking brackets. The height/width ratio was, in accordance with experience, set at 3：2. Qi, on the other hand, was used to complete the caifen zhi and was postulated according to the dougong structure---it does not exist in the actual structure.