太阳电池对平流层飞艇热特性的影响分析

Influence of Solar Cells on Thermal Characteristics of Stratospheric Airship

研究太阳电池对平流层飞艇驻空阶段热特性的影响。建立了太阳电池热模型、平流层飞艇热分析模型,包括热平衡方程、太阳直射辐射、天空散射辐射、地面反射辐射、大气长波辐射、地球长波辐射、蒙皮长波辐射、对流换热等;采用多节点模型,对平流层飞艇在驻空期间太阳电池、蒙皮与艇内氦气温度变化过程进行了数值模拟,得到了温度昼夜变化规律;分析了太阳电池(含隔热结构)的等效面积热阻、转换效率、铺装面积对平流层飞艇热特性的影响,得到了其温度昼夜变化规律。本文为平流层飞艇热性能分析和热控系统设计提供依据。

The influence of the solar cells on the thermal characteristics of a stratospheric airship is researched in this article. The mathematical models of the heat transfer of the airships and solar cells are established, including the thermal balance equations, the direct solar radiation, the diffuse radiation from sky, the reflected radiation from the Earth, the infrared radiation heat transfer between the airship skin and the sky, the infrared radiation heat transfer between the airship skin and the Earth, the heat conduction between the solar cells and airship skin, and the convective heat transfer. And then, the multi - node model is adopted to discuss the temperature variations of the stratospheric airship shin, the solar cells and the buoyancy gas. The multi-node model includes the solar cells, the airship＇s skin below the cells, other upper airship skin （upper airship skin except that below the cells）, the down airship skin, and the buoyancy gas. By numerical simulation, the temperature variations of the solar cells, the airship skin and the buoyancy gas during station keeping are presented. The effects of the thermal resistance, the conversion efficiency and the area of the solar cells on the temperature variation of the solar cells, the airship skin and the buoyancy gas are especially analyzed. These provide a guideance reference for the design of the thermal control system of the airship skin.