外交与内争——1923年北京政府撤废“二十一条”交涉及其所遭受来自国内的阻碍考述

External Bargaining and Internal Struggling——The “Abolishing the 21 Demands” Negotiation against Japan of Peking Government in 1923 and Its Domestic Obstacles

1923年对日撤废"二十一条"交涉名义上虽是对日交涉,但实际上却与国内政争脱不了干系,其提出方式及后续交涉都因此深受影响。不但相关人员无法避开政争的漩涡从而影响了交涉进程,且此项交涉提出之后更多地成为国内政争的口实——除了北京政府内部的人事倾轧外,国内反对北京政府各派系亦借机运作以遂其政治图谋。正是在这样无限内耗的情况下,对外交涉不了了之,政府体制的合法性因此受到怀疑,埋下了引发之后政治变革的种子。

The process of the＂Abolishing the 21 Demands＂negotiation in 1923 is a campaign against Japan in name,but it is much more tangled with the domestic party struggle,which affected the way of bargaining from the beginning to the end.The diplomats and the entire Peking government was struck by the struggle called by not only people inside the Peking government but also factions spread around the country.It is the internal causes rather than external feature that finally caused the bargain smothered up.The legitimacy of the government was thus questioned,and the seed of political changes was thus planted.