不同海拔高度下庐山茶园土壤性质及茶叶生化指标的变化

Changes in tea biochemical indexes and soil physicochemical properties at different altitude ranges of Lushan Mountain

为了解不同海拔区间庐山茶园的土壤环境质量现状及茶叶生化指标的差异,分别以位于海拔300 m、700m、1 100 m的北坡和1 100 m的南坡4个茶园为研究对象,分析比较各茶园土壤的理化性质和茶样的叶绿素含量、酶活性、茶多酚及重金属含量变化。结果表明,海拔高度为300 m、700 m、1 100 m的庐山茶园土壤pH依次降低,但均能满足茶树正常生长的pH要求。庐山茶园土壤的有机质和CEC含量随着海拔高度的增加而增加,差异显著。土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量整体偏低,应考虑合理施肥进一步提高土壤肥力水平。茶叶重金属Cu、Pb和Cd含量均符合有机茶标准(NY5196-2002),不存在超标现象。茶叶的叶绿素含量、酶活性、茶多酚和Se含量等指标随着海拔高度的增加而增大,与土壤养分指标表现出一致的变化规律,说明海拔是决定茶叶生理和品质指标的主要因素。

In order to study changes in soil physicochemical properties and tea biochemical indexes at different altitudes of Lushan Mountain, we selected 4 tea gardens located in the north slope of the mountain at the altitude of 300, 700 or 1 100 m and the south slope of the mountain at the altitude of 1 100 m as test samples. The results showed that the soil pH decreased with an increase of altitude and the pH was still good for tea growth. The content of organic matter and CEC in the soil significantly increased with an increase of the altitude from 300 m to 1 100 m. In addition, the contents of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen and available phosphorous in the soil were lower than the standard of the soil fertility. The contents of copper, lead and cadmium in tea were lower than the Standard of Organic Tea （NY5196-2002）. The chlorophyll content, enzyme activity, contents of selenium and tea polyphenols increased with the increasing altitude, which is similar to the change of soil fertility; therefore, altitude is the main contribution to the physiological properties and quality of tea plants.