基于GIS和历史地图的清代兰州城市空间格局研究

The Urban Spatial Pattern of Lanzhou City in Qing Dynasty Based on GIS and Historical Map

以清代兰州城为研究对象,分乾隆和光绪两个时期,通过对历史文献、古地图以及现代文献等资料进行分析,运用GIS技术,基本复原了古城兰州的城市格局,绘制了清代两个时期兰州的城市格局复原图,分析和总结了乾隆和光绪两个时期兰州城市空间格局特征和发展特征。结果表明:清代两个时期的兰州城总体格局一致,城池"内小外大,内方外凸",内城街道呈丁字形,郭城街道呈十字形,外出道路在东西南北方向各有一条;经济的发展和近代工业的兴盛,使光绪时期的兰州有了进一步的发展:内城客商会馆林立,郭城的城西北角和东关一带工厂聚集,此外,教育也由县文庙、府文庙等的官学为主转变为中学堂、小学堂、师范学堂、军事学堂、实业学堂等多种类型,呈现出多元化特征。

This article takes the Lanzhou city in Qing Dynasty as the research object and the Emperor Qianlong period and Emperor Guangxu period as the research period. Through the analysis of historical literature, ancient map, modern literature, and the usage of GIS technology, the basic urban pattern of the ancient city of Lanzhou has been basically restored, and the reinvention maps of urban spatial pattern in the two periods of Qing Dynasty have been drawn. Based on this, the paper analyses and summarizes the two peri- ods＇ characteristics of urban spatial pattern and development characteristics. The results show that the overall pattern of Lanzhou City in the two periods of the Qing Dynasty is consistent. The inner city is smaller than the outside city. The streets in inner city are in a T - shaped, in Guocheng are cross - shaped and there is also the out road in the direction of each of the four corners of the world. With the development of economy and the prosperity of modern industry, Lanzhou in Guangxu period developed further. There were appearing many guild halls in inner city and many factories in the northwest corner and Dongguan of the Guocheng. In addition, edu- cation is also changed from official school of Confucianism into various type of education, such as middle school, elementary school, normal school, military school, industrial school and so on.