探索杰出人才的发展特点--西蒙顿及其创造力历史测量学研究

On the Developmental Features of Distinguished Talents:Simonton and his Creativity Historiometric Methods

在国际创造力心理学研究领域,杰出人才的发展特点一般是通过历史测量学予以研究的。美国学者西蒙顿(Simonton)在该领域做了大量富有开创性的研究。论文从西蒙顿的生平出发,介绍了历史测量学的发展、特征以及其在杰出人才创造力研究中的应用。进而,对这一方法的研究做了简要评述:其一,近年来历史测量学的研究表现出从选取大量杰出人物、量化杰出人物传记到选取单个杰出人物、量化杰出人物的创造性作品的发展趋势;其二,尽管历史测量学在杰出创造力的研究中有着广阔的应用空间,但是在创造性成就的评估、创造性过程的分析以及研究对象这三方面目前仍存在一些有待克服的问题。

In the international field of creativity psychology, generally the developmental features of distinguished talents are measured by historiometric methods, in which Dean Keith Simonton, an American scholar, has done much pioneering research. Starting from Simonton＇ s life experience, this paper introduces the development and features of historiometric methods as well as their application in the research on the creativity of distinguished talents, and makes a brief comment on the said approach. It is found that in recent years the study has changed from groups to individuals and that despite the achievement already made there is still much room for improvement in terms of the evaluation of creative progress, the analysis of creative process and the subjects of research.