石家庄动物园人工湿地丰容对鹤类动物行为的影响

Effects of Constructed Wetland Enrichment on the Behavior of Captive Cranes at Shijiazhuang Zoo

2006~2016年,石家庄市动物园鹤类展区依托原有地形地貌,模拟原始生态环境进行人工湿地建设,并对园区内丹顶鹤、白鹤、灰鹤、白枕鹤、蓑羽鹤、西非冠鹤在新旧展区的产卵、孵化、饲料使用量、药物使用量、行为变化进行统计观察。结果表明,丰容后,鹤类动物首次能够自然交配、产卵、孵化;整个展区无机械进入,自然材料能满足动物行为需要,湿地生物效能得到较好发挥;动物的刻板行为减少,物种自然行为表现逐渐增多,诸如觅食行为、通讯行为、领域行为、护仔行为等;鹤类动物丰容后提高动物福利的同时,吸引大量外来野生动物,强化了生物多样性保护。

From 2006 to 2016, the wetland was constructed based on the primary landform to sim- ulate the primitive habitat in the crane exhibition area at Shijiazhuang Zoo. Mating, oviposition, hatching, feed consumption, drug usage amount and behavioral changes of Grus japonensis, Grus leucogeranus, Grus grus, Grus vipio, Anthropoides virgo, and Balearica pavonina before and after enrichment were recorded and analyzed. After environmental enrichment the cranes ma- ted naturally, oviposited, and chicks hatched for the first time. In the exhibition area, no machine was introduced and natural materials met the needs of the cranes, and biopotency of wetland played preferably. Stereotypical behavior of the captive cranes decreased and they presented more natural behaviors, such as foraging, communication, territoriality, and epimeletic behavior. After environment enrichment, animal welfare was improved and large numbers of wild animals were at- tracted, further enhancing biodiversity.